Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease remains one of the most common chronic pathologies of the digestive system and continues to pose a serious medical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Despite significant advances in endoscopic diagnosis, eradication therapy, and pharmacological treatment, the disease is still characterized by a recurrent course, high frequency of complications, and reduced quality of life for patients. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the study of immunoinflammatory mechanisms of peptic ulcer disease pathogenesis, among which the cytokine system plays an important role.References
Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. *Cellular and Molecular Immunology*. — 9th ed. — Elsevier, 2018. — 565 p.
Konturek P.C., Brzozowski T., Konturek S.J. Role of cytokines in gastric ulcer healing // *Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics*. — 2011. — Vol. 34, №7. — P. 723–739.
Kusters J.G., van Vliet A.H.M., Kuipers E.J. Pathogenesis of *Helicobacter pylori* infection // *Clinical Microbiology Reviews*. — 2006. — Vol. 19, №3. — P. 449–490.
Malfertheiner P., Chan F.K.L., McColl K.E.L. Peptic ulcer disease // *The Lancet*. — 2009. — Vol. 374, №9699. — P. 1449–1461.
Moss S.F., Sood S. *Helicobacter pylori* and cytokine responses // *Gastroenterology Clinics of North America*. — 2015. — Vol. 44, №3. — P. 487–503.
Sung J.J.Y., Kuipers E.J., El-Serag H.B. Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease // *Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics*. — 2009. — Vol. 29, №9. — P. 938–946.
Wang J., Zhao Y., Li Y. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and gastric mucosal injury // *World Journal of Gastroenterology*. — 2014. — Vol. 20, №12. — P. 3154–3162.