Keywords
tirik sistemalar
bioenergetika
entropiya
erkin energiya
How to Cite
Abstract
Termodinamika — energiyaning bir turdan ikkinchi turga aylanishi, issiqlik almashinuvi, ish bajarilishi, entropiya, erkin energiya va tizimlarning muvozanat yoki muvozanatdan uzoq holatdagi xatti-harakatlarini o‘rganuvchi fundamental fan hisoblanadi. Tirik organizmlar ham termodinamik qonunlarga bo‘ysunadi, biroq ular oddiy yopiq fizik tizimlar emas, balki tashqi muhit bilan doimiy modda, energiya va axborot almashadigan ochiq, murakkab va o‘z-o‘zini boshqaruvchi biologik sistemalardir. Hujayra metabolizmi, nafas olish, qon aylanishi, tana haroratini saqlash, mushak qisqarishi, nerv impulslarining uzatilishi, fermentativ reaksiyalar va immun javob kabi jarayonlar termodinamik asosga ega.
Tirik sistemalar termodinamikasining asosiy xususiyati shundaki, organizm ichki tartiblangan tuzilmasini saqlab qolish uchun tashqi muhitdan energiya oladi va metabolik jarayonlarda hosil bo‘lgan entropiyani asosan issiqlik shaklida muhitga chiqaradi. Zamonaviy biotermodinamika organizmni muvozanatdan uzoq, dissipativo‘z-o‘zini tashkil etuvchi sistema sifatida ko‘radi. Biokimyoviy tizimlarda nomuvozanat termodinamikasi kimyoviy reaksiyalar, modda transporti, membrana potensiali va energiya almashinuvi o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni tushuntirishda muhim nazariy asos yaratadi. PubMed’da indekslangan sharhlarda termodinamikaningbioenergetikadagi roli, ayniqsa mitoxondriya ichki membranasida energiyani saqlash va aylantirish jarayonlari bilan bog‘liqligi alohida ta’kidlangan.
Maqolada tirik sistemalar termodinamikasining tibbiyotdagi ahamiyati, metabolizm va bioenergetika bilan bog‘liqligi, tana harorati boshqarilishi, issiqlik stressi, gipoksiya, sepsis, onkologik metabolizm, mitoxondrial disfunksiya va klinik diagnostikadagi qo‘llanish yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilindi. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, issiqlik stressi ob-havo bilan bog‘liq o‘limlarning yetakchi sabablaridan biri bo‘lib, yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari, diabet, ruhiy salomatlik buzilishlari va nafas yo‘llari kasalliklarini og‘irlashtirishi mumkin; issiq urishi esa yuqori o‘lim xavfiga ega shoshilinch holat hisoblanadi. Shu jihatdan tirik organizmlarda issiqlik balansi, energiya almashinuvi va termoregulyatsiya mexanizmlarini o‘rganish nafaqat nazariy biofizika, balki amaliy tibbiyot uchun ham dolzarbdir.
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