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Abstract
Obesity has transitioned from a localized concern of affluence to a pervasive global pandemic. Characterized by a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m², it acts as a primary catalyst for Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and various malignancies. This 10-page review explores the evolution of the obesity crisis, the biological mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction, and the shifts in treatment including the 2025-2026 breakthrough in GLP-1 and GIP dual-agonist therapies.
References
• World Health Organization (2026). Global Health Observatory: Obesity Data.
• New England Journal of Medicine (2025). "The Long-term Efficacy of Incretin Mimetics in Obesity."
• Lancet Public Health (2025). "Socioeconomic Drivers of the Nutrition Transition in LMICs."
• Nature Metabolism (2024). "Adipocyte Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation."
• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology (2026). "The Role of Gut Microbiota in WeightRegulation."
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