How to Cite
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) represents a spectrum of infectious and inflammatory disorders affecting the upper female genital tract, encompassing the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures . Characterized primarily by ascending spread of microorganisms from the lower genital tract, PID remains one of the most consequential reproductive health conditions among women of reproductive age worldwide.
References
: Mayo Clinic. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) — Symptoms & causes. 2025.
NCBI Bookshelf. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease — StatPearls. 2025.
NHS Scotland. Pelvic Pain and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Guideline. Version 1, June 2025.
PMC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Narrative Review.
Children’s Mercy Kansas City. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Clinical Pathway Synopsis. May 2025.
Medscape. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease — Pathophysiology. 2024.
UMM Health. Complications of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). 2025.
CDC. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) — STI Treatment Guidelines. 2023.
University of Washington STD Curriculum. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease — Self-Study Lessons. 2026.
Medscape. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Guidelines. 2024.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
