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Abstract
Fiziologiya tirik organizm funksiyalarini (homeostaz, nerv-gumoral boshqaruv, metabolizm, qon aylanishi, nafas olish, mushak qisqarishi, termoregulyatsiya) tizimli ravishda o‘rganuvchi fan bo‘lib, tibbiyot, pedagogika va sport amaliyotining “asosiy mexanizmlar tili” hisoblanadi. Sport fiziologiyasi esa shu mexanizmlarning jismoniy yuklama sharoitida qanday o‘zgarishini, moslashuv (adaptatsiya) va tiklanish (recovery) qonuniyatlarini, hamda bu bilimlarning sog‘lomlashtirish va sport natijasiga qanday tatbiq etilishini izohlaydi. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) va milliy sog‘liq organlari (CDC, AHA) jismoniy faollikning aniq minimal me’yorlarini belgilab, sog‘liqni saqlashda jismoniy faollikning strategik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi: kattalar uchun haftasiga kamida 150 daqiqa o‘rtacha intensivlikdagi yoki 75 daqiqa yuqori intensivlikdagi aerob faollik, qo‘shimcha ravishda mushaklarni kuchaytiruvchi mashqlar tavsiya qilinadi. Biroq amaliyotda “qanchalik foydali” degan savol ko‘pincha “qanday mexanizm bilan” va “qanday xavfsiz chegaralarda” degan savolga borib taqaladi. Shu sababdan mazkur maqola fiziologiya va sport fiziologiyasining ahamiyatini ilmiy dalillar asosida ochib beradi: (1) sog‘lomlashtirishda yuklama dozalash, (2) o‘quv jarayonida jismoniy faollikni xavfsiz tashkil qilish, (3) sportda natija, tiklanish va jarohat profilaktikasini asoslash.
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